With such a vast population reproductive health is a huge issue for China. Funded with the help of the Ford Foundation this study examines the role of civil society, non-governmental organisations and other social organisations, in trying to achieve the goals of improved reproductive health in China. It looks at the effectiveness of these organisations in meeting the goals established by the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. Given the major role of government led decision making in China this study shows how other organisations can also play a major and effective role in social policy decisions.