There was hardly another German author from the first half of the 20th century who was quoted, reviewed and criticized so often in the time immediately after World War I as the philosopher of culture and history Oswald Spengler (1880-1936). The contributions in this volume represent the first systematic look at the phenomenon of the many ways in which Spengler´s philosophy was "transferred" in Europe between the two world wars. They investigate the deep impact of the various levels of his literary reception in Western, Eastern and Southern Europe.