Brian Burke-Gaffney provides a detailed account of the activities of Holme, Ringer & Co., the leading foreign enterprise in western Japan prior to the Second World War, and describes the remarkable achievements and tragedies of the Ringer family.
Brian Burke-Gaffney, Ph.D. (2007), Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, is professor of social history at that university. He is the author of several works in both Japanese and English, including Nagasaki: The British Experience, 1854-1945, (Global Oriental, 2009).
