This volume examines the relationship between innovation and various forms of inequality using a comparative national systems of innovation approach across the five BRICS economies - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. 'From a developmental point of view, a main issue is to orient innovation efforts in a direction that diminishes inequality, and to make inequality a point of departure for innovation efforts . . . The reader will find in this book all the information and analyses needed to understand how inequality looks like in the BRICS countries [and] how innovation can help fight inequality. The opportunity to do this, so rare, so timely, so welcome, is a contribution of the book to the wedding of innovation and solidarity.' - Judith Sutz, Academic Coordinator, Scientific Research Council, University de la República, Uruguay