This book gives a complete picture of the science and application of attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS). It explains how this all-optical technique allows substantial improvements in both the signal-to-noise ratio and the energy resolution when compared with photoelectron experiments. The authors explain why ATAS is so attractive for the study of electron dynamics in photochemical processes, dynamics in field-ionized atoms and bulk solids, as well as narrow-linewidth core-excited and doubly-excited states of atoms.