Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).This useful collection comprises 92 peer-reviewed papers, grouped into nine sections: I Nanostructured Materials; II Solid State Phenomena; III Fine Particles; IV Thin Films; V Materials for Hydrogen Energy Storage; VI Optical Materials; VII Biomaterials; VIII Polymers & Composites; and IX Metallic Systems.This book will be of great interest to all researchers and students working in this fascinating scientific and technological field, as they cannot fail to find many fruitful and stimulating ideas in this rich vein of theoretical and experimental expertise.Selected from those presented at the conference held in September 2006, these papers reflect research in nanostructured materials, solid state phenomena, fine particles, thin films, materials for hydrogen energy, optical materials, biomaterials, polymers and composites, and metallic systems. Individual paper topics include a new aspect of computational nanomaterials science, design considerations for non-magnetic semiconductor-based spin filters, negative refraction and left-handedness in two-dimensional Archimedean lattice photonic crystals, theoretical assessment of calcium arsonates stability, emulsion stability evaluation using a fractal dimensions approach, Ramon spectra of bismuth titanate ceramics, reduction of refractory compounds for obtaining fine-grained ceramic materials, phonon thermodynamics in crystalline nanofilms, experimental and theoretical investigation of hydrogen storage in magnesium based competence, induced rearrangement of liquid crystal caused by aligning of human erythrocytes, investigations of antimicrobiobial activity of encapsulated essential oils, synthesis and characterization of polyacriflavene, and multilayer composite materials with non-usual Poisson's ratios.