Introduction 1

Part I: Plant Basics 5

Chapter 1: Exploring Botany 7

Chapter 2: Peering at Plant Cells 13

Chapter 3: Identifying Plant Tissues 43

Chapter 4: Vegetative Structures: Stems, Roots, and Leaves 57

Chapter 5: Reproductive Structures: Spores, Seeds, Cones, Flowers, and Fruits 81

Part II: The Living Plant: Plant Physiology 99

Chapter 6: Metabolism: How Living Things Get Energy and Matter 101

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Making Sugar from Scratch 109

Chapter 8: Cellular Respiration: Making Your Cake and Eating It, Too 131

Chapter 9: Moving Materials Through Plants 147

Chapter 10: Regulating Plant Growth and Development 163

Part III: Making More Plants: Plant Reproduction and Genetics 179

Chapter 11: Greening the Earth: Plant Reproduction 181

Chapter 12: Passing Plant Characteristics to the Next Generation 199

Part IV: The Wide, Wonderful World of Plants: Plant Biodiversity 215

Chapter 13: Changing with the Times: Evolution and Adaptation 217

Chapter 14: The Tree of Life: Showing the Relationships Between Living Things 231

Chapter 15: Examining the Forest Floor: Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants 243

Chapter 16: Their Seeds Are Naked: Gymnosperms 265

Chapter 17: Say It with Flowers: Angiosperms 275

Part V: Plants and People 289

Chapter 18: Making Connections with Plant Ecology 291

Chapter 19: Altering Plants by Using Biotechnology 311

Chapter 20: Thriving on Plants in Everyday Life 323

Part VI: The Part of Tens 341

Chapter 21: Ten Weirdest Plants 343

Chapter 22: Ten Tips for Improving Your Grade in Botany 349

Index 355