Emma Goldman (1869-1940) was an anarchist known for her political activism, writing, and speeches. She was lionized as a free-thinking "rebel woman" by admirers, and derided as an advocate of politically motivated murder and violent revolution by her critics. In 1887 she moved to New York City. She was trained by Johann Most in public speaking and became a renowned lecturer. In 1906, Goldman founded the anarchist journal Mother Earth. In 1923, she wrote My Disillusionment in Russia. While living in England, Canada, and France, she wrote an autobiography called Living My Life, and eventually travelled to Spain to participate in that nation's civil war. Goldman played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in the United States and Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. Although she distanced herself from first-wave feminism and its efforts toward women's suffrage, she developed new ways of incorporating gender politics into anarchism. She spoke and wrote on a wide variety of issues, including, atheism, freedom of speech, capitalism and marriage. Her other works include: Anarchism and Other Essays (1911).
