This edited volume is a comprehensive analysis of the critical relationship, situating within the broader framework of India's foreign policy and strategic autonomy. It explores key dimensions of India's engagement with the Middle East, including energy security, trade, and Indian diaspora; growing defence cooperation, highlighting military partnerships, counterterrorism initiatives, and maritime security efforts. It contextualizes India's strategic positioning in light of major geopolitical shifts, such as the Abraham Accords and China's Belt and Road Initiative, assessing their implications for India's regional and global interests.With an interdisciplinary approach that integrates historical, economic, and security perspectives, this book provides valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and those interested in international relations. Through case studies and policy analyses, it offers a nuanced understanding of the complexities shaping India-Middle East relations in a multipolar world.