In Marginalization, Dr. Darry Carpenter confronts a pressing question: how do institutions meant to expand opportunity continue to reproduce exclusion? His work is grounded in a simple but urgent truth: innocence without access is not justice. Focusing on the American academic system, this book reveals how inequality is not only inherited from the past, but actively sustained through policies, practices, and power structures that echo the logic of Jim Crow. With sharp social critique and historical insight, Carpenter challenges readers to look beyond the language of diversity and ask who is still being pushed to the margins-and why. This is the heart of institutional betrayal: the very institution that promises opportunity becomes the institution that reproduces oppression. Marginalization is both an indictment of structural exclusion and a call to rethink access, fairness, and accountability in higher education.
