Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 86. Chapters: 1810 treaties, Conflicts in 1810, States and territories disestablished in 1810, States and territories established in 1810, Colombia, Kingdom of Holland, Peninsular War, Battle of Grand Port, Timeline of the Adriatic campaign, 1807-1814, Adriatic campaign of 1807-1814, Mauritius campaign of 1809-1811, Invasion of Île de France, Action of 13 September 1810, Gunboat War, Invasion of Guadeloupe, Action of 18 September 1810, Action of 3 July 1810, Invasion of Île Bonaparte, Anglo-Russian War, United Provinces of South America, Siege of Cádiz, First Republic of Venezuela, Battle of Bussaco, Battle of Monte de las Cruces, Anglo-Dutch Java War, Battle of Fuengirola, Arenberg, List of sovereign states in 1810, Russo-Persian War, Siege of Astorga, List of state leaders in 1810, United Provinces of New Granada, Russo-Turkish War, West Indies Campaign 1804-1810, Treaty of Fort Clark, Obermünster, Regensburg, Principality of Regensburg, Battle of Suipacha, Grand Duchy of Frankfurt, Combat of Barquilla, West Florida Controversy, Siege of Almeida, Principality of Aschaffenburg, Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca, Battle of Cotagaita, List of colonial governors in 1810, Treaty of Paris, Fulani War, Ems-Occidental, Zuyderzée, Battle of Campichuelo, Simplon, Mobile District, Walton War. Excerpt: Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: , pronounced ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the third largest population of any Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico and Spain. The territory of what is now "Colombia" was originally inhabited by indigenous people including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Tairona. The Spanish arrived in 1499 and initiated a period of conquest and colonization creating the Viceroyalty of New Granada (comprising modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, the northwest region of Brazil and Panama) with its capital in Bogotá. Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 "Gran Colombia" had collapsed with the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador. What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903 under pressure to fulfill financial responsibilities towards the United States government to build the Panama Canal. Colombia has a long tradition of constitutional government. The Liberal and Conservative parties, founded in 1848 and 1849 respectively, are two of the oldest surviving political parties in the Americas. However, tensions between the two have frequently erupted into violence, most notably in the Thousand Days War (1899-1902) and La Violencia, beginning in 1948. Since
